CIPD ' understanding the organisations and the role of HR Essay

CIPD ' understanding the organisations and the role of HR - Essay Example Purpose and Goals The organizational goals are discussed below: The ABC Food Plaza will fulfill the needs and demand of customers through high quality food products. The employees of the organization will try to retain potential customers and target new customers through effective customer service. The organization will undertake sustainable business operation strategies in order to overcome several conflicts. Business priorities for 2014: 1) The organization will expand its outlets throughout the country in next three years to fulfill the market demand. 2) The organization will focus on business profitability in order to break even within three years of its business operations. Organizational chart of ABC Food Plaza The number of employees is 50 while company mainly targets the youth. The organizational chart is a sort of diagram that reveals the relation of a specific employee with another employee in an organization. This means the CEO or the director of the organization with all other employees of the departments such as strategy department, finance department, manufacture, Human resource, planning, operations and many others. In ABC Food Plaza, hierarchical organizational chart is followed in which, all sorts of plans and innovative ideas are given from the top-most authority. The same is presented in a graphical order as in the appendix. Impact of External Factors on Business Activities Political The government of the UAE is motivating the new entrepreneurs to start their business as it can help the country to reduce the challenges like increasing unemployment rate. Recently the government developed several policies for the fast food chains. Economical Global economic environment has been highly affected due to recent financial crisis and economic recession. People are trying to avoid the consumption of high priced products. Social Fast foods are quite popular among the people of UAE. Slowly and gradually, the demand for healthy food products is significa ntly increasing. Technological The organization is going to operate in a technologically developed country. The organization can get the access of advanced technology for the business purposes. Structure and Functions of the Organization The organization has board of directors, president and vice-president at the top of the structure. According to the decentralization structure, the managers of all the departments have the decision making authority. The organization has four functions, such as sales and marketing, operation, human resource and accounts. Impact of Different functions on performance of the Organization All the functions within the organization will work together in order to optimize the organizational performance. Effective strategy development of marketing managers and in-store operation activities will help ABC Food Plaza to meet the satisfaction level of the customers. Culture of the Organization The organization is following decentralizing structure. The organizat ion believes that effective and employee friendly organization culture can develop a conflict free workplace

Advertising Print Essay Example for Free

Advertising Print Essay It is my great pleasure to take this opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of number of people who helped me in successful completing of this project. Firstly I would like to express my heartily gratitude and sincere thanks to Mr. Agarwal Sir for allowing me to do this project and gratefully acknowledge the contribution by him without his support and valuable suggestion this project could not be successful. I offer my heart self regards to Mrs Aradhana Albert for her continuous guidance, monitoring and informal discussion which become light for me in the entire duration of this project in overcoming the barrier and reaching this stage. Finally I am sincerely thankful to others who have directly or indirectly helped me in the completion of the project. (SHILPA JINDAL) 1|Page PREFACE The title of my project is ETHICAL ISSUES IN ADVERTISING. Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor So basically advertising is a mass communications device through which companies promote or market their product to the consumer, and this enables them to make informed consumption decisions. As now a days advertisements have a very great impact on the consumer’s behavior; it plays very important role in our Indian economy directly or indirectly. so if it become unethical it leads our society in wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by the government and I want to throw a light on this only. As it is a very wide field so here I am restricted to the electronic media only. We have to think about this unethical problem and this wrong presentation of business. So that we can give good ethics to our youngsters. 2|Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TITLE The title of the project is â€Å"ETHICAL ISSUES IN ADVERTISEMENT†. Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor. INTRODUCTION Advertising plays an important part in our everyday lives as it enables us to choose between different ranges of products. These products are promoted through different types of advertisements and cater to all types of markets. On the other hand advertising is plagued with social and ethical issues as it results in over consumption and waste of resources. Advertising creates an environment where it abuses certain values and interests that are not universally agreed upon. For example in 2001 Yves Saint Laurent launched a fragrance called ‘Opium which featured a naked model. This stirred controversy and people found it offensive and sex was being used openly to promote a perfume. For a fashion magazine the advertisement was fine but for billboards it was inappropriate and some social groups found it morally and ethically wrong. Some times advertising draws mixed response from the public, while sometimes it becomes controversial. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF STUDY Many advertisements are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinvention of the brand image†. For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual information. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet, carrier bags and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization. 3|Page Advertising is a powerful communication force, highly visible and one of the most important tools of marketing communication that helps to sell products, services, ideas and images etc. Many believe that advertising reflects the need of the times. Whether one likes it or not, advertisements are everywhere. They are seen on the walls, on the back of buses, in play grounds, on the occasion of sports event, on roadsides, in the stores and even on aeroplanes. Advertisements are seen in newspapers, in magazines, on the television, on internet and are even heard on radio. The fact is that we are being bombarded with advertisements day in and day out from all imaginable media. The average consumer is exposed to a very large number of advertisements every day, particularly the urban and semi urban population. In spite of this, to the dismay and irritation of some and enjoyment of others, advertisement will continue to make their presence felt in our lives and influence our lives in many unsuspecting ways because of rapid changes in macro- environment and in our perception, impressions, feelings, attitudes and behaviour. It seems almost impossible to remain totally neutral and not take any notice of modern-day advertising. The most visible part of the advertising process is the advertisements that we see, read, or hear and praise or criticise. Many suitable adjectives are used to describe advertising, depending on how an individual is reacting, such as great, dynamic, alluring, fascinating, annoying, boring, intrusive, irritating and offensive, etc. METHODOLOGY For completing this project the required information or the raw data is gathered from the sources like websites , journals, magazines ,text books etc which is the most difficult task of this project making as it is the most time consuming process. but overall this topic is quite interesting to gain knowledge about the ethics in ads the controversial ads also. The purpose of taking this topic is that in the present scenario advertisement has a great impact on the consumer’s behavior so if it becomes unethical it will lead the society in the wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by 4|Page the government or regulation bodies and i want to throw a light on this only. Ethics basically refers to what is right, good or consistent with virtue. Advertising generates complex ethical questions which have to be considered, as this mode of communication commits some highly controversial ethical acts which are damaging to the society as a whole. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Here I am restricted to the ethical issues of advertisement related to television media only as this subject has a very wide arena to be focused on. Her I just want to know that how much these set standards are successful in maintaining the dignity of the Indian’s beliefs and their feeling. 5|Page RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TITLE – Ethical Issues In Advertising Advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. Ethics refers to principles that define behavior as right, good and proper. Such principles do not always dictate a single moral course of action, but provide a means of evaluating and deciding among competing options. In the present scenario advertisement has a great impact on the consumer’s behavior so if it becomes unethical it will lead the society in the wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by the government or regulation bodies. DURATION OF PROJECT This is a very long term project so we have been provided with a period of one month for the completion. To make it easy this period was bifurcated into various sections of making blue print, abstract, collecting primary data, secondary data, making preliminary report, secondary report and final report at the end which makes the whole process easy to attempt. OBJECTIVE Advertising plays an important part in our everyday lives as it enables us to choose between different ranges of products. These products are promoted through different types of advertisements and cater to all types of markets. On the other hand advertising is 6|Page plagued with social and ethical issues as it results in over consumption and waste of resources. ‘Advertising creates an environment where it abuses certain values and interests that are not universally agreed upon. Advertisements as Mirrors of prevailing norms Marketers claim that advertising simply mirrors the attitudes and values of the surrounding culture. No doubt advertising, like the media of social communications in general, does act as a mirror. But, also like media in general. It is a mirror that helps shape the reality it reflects, and sometimes it presents a distorted image of reality. Advertisers are selective about the values and attitudes to be fostered and encouraged, promoting some while ignoring others The purpose of taking this topic is that in the present scenario advertisement has a great impact on the consumer’s behavior so if it becomes unethical it will lead the society in the wrong direction. To overcome these problems certain ethical standards are set up by the government or regulation bodies and I want to throw a light on this only. I can differentiate my objectives for taking this topic as follows: †¢ To know the various ethical marketing strategies of the market leaders. †¢ To know how can we make a ethical advertisement. †¢ To know the impact of unethical advertisement on the society. †¢ To enhance my marketing skills. †¢ To know the role of advertisement in the success of any organization. TYPE OF RESEARCH As I took the data from magazines , books, internet links , journals and news papers. It is research of descriptive type. SCOPE OF STUDY Advertising is a powerful communication force, highly visible and one of the most important tools of marketing communication that helps to sell products, services, ideas and images etc. Many believe that advertising reflects the need of the times. Whether one likes it or not, advertisements are everywhere. They are seen on the walls, on the back of 7|Page buses, in play grounds, on the occasion of sports event, on roadsides, in the stores and even on aero planes. Advertisements are seen in newspapers, in magazines, on the television, on internet and are even heard on radio. Here I am focusing mainly on the media as a source of advertising. The fact is that we are being bombarded with advertisements day in and day out from all imaginable media. The average consumer is exposed to a very large number of advertisements everyday, particularly the urban and semi urban population. In spite of this, to the dismay and irritation of some and enjoyment of others, advertisement will continue to make their presence felt in our lives and influence our lives in many unsuspecting ways because of rapid changes in macro- environment and in our perception, impressions, feelings, attitudes and behaviors. It seems almost impossible to remain totally neutral and not take any notice of modern-day advertising. The most visible part of the advertising process is the advertisements that we see, read, or hear and praise or criticize. 8|Page CORE STUDY INTRODUCTION Advertising can be defined as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor So basically advertising is a mass communications device through which companies promote or market their product to the consumer, and this enables them to make informed consumption decisions. Advertising is a powerful communication force, highly visible and one of the most important tools of marketing communication that helps to sell products, services, ideas and images etc. Many believe that advertising reflects the need of the times. Whether one likes it or not, advertisements are everywhere. They are seen on the walls, on the back of buses, in play grounds, on the occasion of sports event, on roadsides, in the stores and even on aeroplanes. Advertisements are seen in newspapers, in magazines, on the television, on internet and are even heard on radio. The fact is that we are being bombarded with advertisements day in and day out from all imaginable media. The average consumer is exposed to a very large number of advertisements everyday, particularly the urban and semi urban population. In spite of this, to the dismay and irritation of some and enjoyment of others, advertisement will continue to make their presence felt in our lives and influence our lives in many unsuspecting ways because of rapid changes in macro- environment and in our perception, impressions, feelings, attitudes and behaviour. It seems almost impossible to remain totally neutral and not take any notice of modern-day advertising. The most visible part of the advertising process is the advertisements that we see, read, or hear and praise or criticise. Many suitable 9|Page adjectives are used to describe advertising, depending on how an individual is reacting, such as great, dynamic, alluring, fascinating, annoying, boring, intrusive, irritating and offensive, etc. Advertising plays an important part in our everyday lives as it enables us to choose between different ranges of products. These products are promoted through different types of advertisements and cater to all types of markets. . Advertising enables producers to expand their markets and therefore take advantage of economies of scale to reduce unit production costs Many advertisements are designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinvention of the brand image†. For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual information. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet, carrier bags and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization. On the other hand advertising is plagued with social and ethical issues as it results in over consumption and waste of resources. ‘Ethics basically refers to what is right, good or consistent with virtue. Advertising generates complex ethical questions which have to be considered, as this mode of communication commits some highly controversial ethical acts which are damaging to the society as a whole. It promotes overselling, exploitation of vulnerable groups, vulgarity, offending the public, promoting socially harmful values or behavior and intrusion of privacy. Advertising creates an environment where it abuses certain values and interests that are not universally agreed upon. For example in 2001 Yves Saint Laurent launched a fragrance called ‘Opium which featured a naked model. This stirred controversy and people found it offensive and sex was being used openly to promote a perfume. For a fashion magazine the advertisement was fine but for billboards it was inappropriate and 10 | P a g e some social groups found it morally and ethically wrong. Some times advertising draws mixed response from the public, while sometimes it becomes controversial. NEED OF ADVERTISING Advertising is the promotion of a company’s products and services carried out primarily to drive sales of the products and services but also to build a brand identity and communicate changes or new product /services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential element of the corporate world and hence the companies allot a considerable amount of revenues as their advertising budget. There are several reasons for advertising some of which are as follows: †¢ Increasing the sales of the product/service †¢ Creating and maintaining a brand identity or brand image. †¢ Communicating a change in the existing product line. †¢ Introduction of a new product or service. †¢ Increasing the buzz-value of the brand or the company. Significance of Advertising Basically advertising creates wants but does not fulfill them, a person may see an advertisement for a product, it might be glossy and fancy and he might be attracted to buy the product. He might eventually buy it but it will not satisfy him it will just be a waste. It’s a short term material satisfaction which just drives the economy by over consumption of goods and services. It keeps the consumer in doubt about what to buy and in what quantities and this doubt in turn has ethical implications. Four reasons are attributed to the fugacious nature of the way advertising practices are being carried out in developing countries. 11 | P a g e 1. The role of Information and Communication technologies: As ICTs evolve so do marketing practices. If yesterday it was television that revolutionized the way advertisements could create a lasting impact on the consumer, then today the internet and phone text messages are doing just that. 2. The world today is an increasingly global village: Social and ethnic boundaries are fast falling in the wake of cable television and the like. 3. Rapid economic expansions in countries like China and India have meant that marketers have to quickly respond to the changing socio-economic scenarios. Millions of people have entered the middle class and millions more are poised to do so. For marketers, the consequences can be mind boggling-as incomes and spending powers rise, marketers have to respond to increasing demands from consumers. 4. Better and improved marketing research has meant that the entire populace is not seen in totality but rather as a congeries of different types of consumers. TYPES OF ADVERTISING There can be several branches of advertising. Mentioned below are the various categories or types of advertising. 12 | P a g e Celebrity Broadcast advertising Advertising Print OutdoorAdvertising Advertising TYPES OF Infomercials ADVERTISING Public Service Advertising Covert Advertising Surrogate Advertising 13 | P a g e 1. Print Advertising – Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, and Fliers and less popular newspaper would cost far less than placing an advertisement in a popular newspaper The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. Often the newspapers and the magazines sell the advertising space according to the area occupied by the advertisement, the position of the advertisement (front page/middle page), as well as the readership of the publications. For instance an advertisement in a relatively new with a high readership. The price of print ads also depend on the supplement in which they appear, for example an advertisement in the glossy supplement costs way higher than that in the newspaper supplement which uses a mediocre quality paper. 2. Outdoor Advertising–Billboards, Kiosks, Tradeshows and Events 14 | P a g e Outdoor advertising is also a very popular form of advertising, which makes use of several tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoors. The most common examples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, and also several events and tradeshows organized by the company. The billboard advertising is very popular however has to be really terse and catchy in order to grab the attention of the passersby. The kiosks not only provide an easy outlet for the company products but also make for an effective advertising tool to promote the company’s products. Organizing several events or sponsoring them makes for an excellent advertising opportunity. The company can organize trade fairs, or even exhibitions for advertising their products. If not this, the company can organize several events that are closely associated with their field. For instance a company that manufactures sports utilities can sponsor a sports tournament to advertise its products. 3. Broadcast advertising – Television, Radio and the Internet The radio jingles have been very popular advertising media and have a large impact on the audience, which is evident in the fact that many people still remember and enjoy the popular radio jingles Broadcast advertising is a very popular advertising medium that constitutes of several 15 | P a g e branches like television, radio or the Internet. Television advertisements have been very popular ever since they have been introduced. The cost of television advertising often depends on the duration of the advertisement, the time of broadcast (prime time/peak time), and of course the popularity of the television channel on which the advertisement is going to be broadcasted. The radio might have lost its charm owing to the new age media however the radio remains to be the choice of small-scale advertisers. 4. Covert Advertising – Advertising in Movies Covert advertising is a unique kind of advertising in which a product or a particular brand is incorporated in some entertainment and media channels like movies, television shows or even sports. There is no commercial in the entertainment but the brand or the product is Subtly ( or sometimes evidently) showcased in the entertainment show. Some of the famous examples for this sort of advertising have to be the appearance of brand Nokia which is displayed on Tom Cruise’s phone in the movie Minority Report, or the use of Cadillac cars in the movie Matrix Reloaded. 16 | P a g e surrogate Common examples include of Fosters and Kingfisher beer help Indirectly brands, which are often seen Advertising to promote their brand with – the Advertising advertising. 5. Surrogate Surrogate advertising is prominently seen in cases where advertising a particular product is banned by law. Advertisement for products like cigarettes or alcohol which are injurious to heath are prohibited by law in several countries and hence these companies have to come up with several other products that might have the same advertising as an effective energy communication medium to convey AIDS, socially relevant messaged about like 17 | P a g e important matters and social welfare causes Causes integrity, – Advertising for Social political 6. Public Service Advertising conservation, bottles of the same brand. deforestation, illiteracy, poverty and people of the cigarettes or beer so on. ent or the summary of an interesting point. You can position the text box anywhere in the document. Use the Text Box Tools tab to change the formatting of the pull quote text box. ] brand name and indirectly remind Today public service advertising has been increasingly used in a non-commercial fashion in several countries across the world in order to promote various social causes. In USA, the radio and television stations are granted on the basis of a fixed amount of Public service advertisements aired by the channel. 7. Celebrity Advertising 18 | P a g e and the modern day consumer getting immune to the exaggerated claims made in a majority of advertisements, there exist a section of advertisers that Using celebrities for advertising involves signing up celebrities for advertising campaigns, which consist of all sorts of advertising including, television ads or even print advertisements. Although the audience is getting smarter and smarter still bank upon celebrities and their popularity for advertising their products. Infomercials There are two types of infomercials, described as long form and short form. Long form infomercials have a time length of 30 minutes. Short form infomercials are 30 seconds to 2 minutes long. Infomercials are also known as direct response television (DRTV) commercials or direct response marketing. The main objective in an infomercial is to create an impulse purchase, so that the consumer sees the presentation and then immediately buys the product through the advertised toll-free telephone number or website. Infomercials describe, display, and 19 | P a g e often demonstrate products and their features, and commonly have testimonials from consumers and industry professionals. ETHICS 1. INTRODUCTION In this era of globalization multinational competition, ethical practices in business are assuming importance as relationships with various suppliers customers are shaped by ethical practices mutual trust. So, ethical decision taking assumes importance in today’s corporate world. 2. What Is Ethics? Ethics refers to principles that define behavior as right, good and proper. Such principles do not always dictate a single moral course of action, but provide a means of evaluating and deciding among competing options. The terms ethics and values are not interchangeable. Ethics is concerned with how a moral person should behave, whereas values are the inner judgments that determine how a person actually behaves. Values concern ethics when they pertain to beliefs about what is right and wrong. Most values, however, have nothing to do with ethics. For instance, the desire for health and wealth are values, but not ethical values. 3. The Importance of Universality Most people have convictions about what is right and wrong based on religious beliefs, cultural roots, family background, personal experiences, laws, organizational values, professional norms and political habits. These are not the best values to make ethical decisions by — not because they are unimportant, but because they are not universal. In 20 | P a g e contrast to consensus ethical values — such basics as trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship — personal and professional beliefs vary over time, among cultures and among members of the same society. They are a source of continuous historical disagreement, even wars. There is nothing wrong with having strong personal and professional moral convictions about right and wrong, but unfortunately, some people are moral imperialists who seek to impose their personal moral judgments on others. The universal ethical value of respect for others dictates honoring the dignity and autonomy of each person and cautions against selfrighteousness in areas of legitimate controversy. 4. Why Be Ethical? People have lots of reasons for being ethical: †¢ There is inner benefit. Virtue is its own reward. †¢ There is personal advantage. It is prudent to be ethical. It’s good business. †¢ There is approval. Being ethical leads to self-esteem, the admiration of loved ones and the respect of peers. †¢ There is religion. Good behavior can please or help serve a deity. †¢ There is habit. Ethical actions can fit in with upbringing or training. There are obstacles to being ethical, which include: †¢ The ethics of self-interest When the motivation for ethical behavior is self-interest, decision-making is reduced to risk-reward calculations. If the risks from ethical behavior are high or the risks from unethical behavior are low and the reward is high moral principles succumb to expediency. †¢ This is not a small problem 21 | P a g e Many people cheat on exams, lie on resumes, and distort or falsify facts at work. The real test of our ethics is whether we are willing to do the right thing even when it is not in our self-interest. †¢ The pursuit of happiness It depends on how one defines happiness. Our values, what we prize and desire, determine what we think will make us happy. We are free to pursue material goals and physical sensations, but that alone rarely (if ever) leads to enduring happiness. It more often results in a lonely, disconnected, meaningless existence. The morally mature individual finds happiness in grander pursuits than money, status, sex and mood-altering substances. A deeper satisfaction lies in honoring universal ethical values, that is, values that people everywhere believe should inform behavior. That unity between principled belief and honorable behavior is the foundation for real happiness. †¢ Ethical Principle in Advertising All advertising should be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Every advertisement should be prepared with a due sense of social responsibility and should conform to the principles of fair competition, as generally accepted in business. No advertisement should be such as to impair public confidence in advertising. †¢ Decency Advertisements should not contain statements or visual presentations which offend prevailing standards of decency †¢ Honesty Advertisements should be so framed as not to abuse the trust of consumers or exploit their lack of experience or knowledge. †¢ Social Responsibility 22 | P a g e 1. Advertisements should not condone any form of discrimination, including that based upon race, national origin, religion, sex or age, nor should they in any way undermine human dignity. 2. Advertisements should not (without justifiable reason) play on fear. 3. Advertisements should not appear to condone or incite violence, or to encourage unlawful or reprehensible behavior. 4. Advertisements should not play on superstition. †¢ Truthful presentation Advertisements should not contain any statement or visual presentation which directly or by implication, omission, ambiguity or exaggerated claim is likely to mislead the consumer, in particular with regard to: 1. characteristics such as: nature, composition, method and date of manufacture, range of use, efficiency and performance, quantity, commercial or geographical origin or environmental impact; 2. the value of the product and the total price actually to be paid; 3. delivery, exchange, return, repair and maintenance; 4. terms of guarantee; 5. copyright and industrial property rights such as patents, trade marks, designs and models and trade names; 6. official recognition or approval, awards of medals, prizes and diplomas; 7. the extent of benefits for charitable causes. 8. Advertisements should not misuse research results or quotations from technical and scientific publications. Statistics should not be so presented as to exaggerate the validity of advertising claims. Scientific terms should not be used to falsely ascribe scientific validity to advertising claims. †¢ Comparisons 23 | P a g e Advertisements containing comparisons should be so designed that the comparison is not likely to mislead, and should comply with the principles of fair competition. Points of comparison should be based on facts that can be substantiated and should not be unfairly selected. †¢ Unassembled Merchandise When advertised merchandise requires partial or complete assembly by the purchaser, the advertising should disclose that fact, e. g. , unassembled, partial assembly required. †¢ Testimonials Advertisements should not contain or refer to any testimonial or endorsement unless it is genuine, verifiable, relevant and based on personal experience or knowledge. Testimonials or endorsements that have become obsolete or misleading through passage of time should not be used †¢ Portrayal or imitation of personal property Advertisements should not portray or refer to any persons, whether in a private or a public capacity, unless prior permission has been obtained; nor should advertisements without prior permission depict or refer to any persons property in a way likely to convey the impression of a personal endorsement. †¢ Exploitation of goodwill Advertisements should not make unjustifiable use of the name, initials, logo and/or trademarks of another firm, company or institution nor should advertisements in any way take undue advantage of another firm, person or institutions goodwill in its name, trade name or other intellectual property, nor should advertisements take advantage of the goodwill earned by other advertising campaigns. †¢ Imitation 24 | P a g e 1. Advertisements should not imitate the general layout, text, slogan, visual presentation, music and sound effects, etc. , of any other advertisements in a way that is likely to mislead or confuse the consumer. 2. Where advertisers have established distinctive advertising campaigns in one or more countries, other advertisers should not unduly imitate these campaigns in the other countries where the former may operate, thus preventing them from extending their campaigns within a reasonable period of time to such countries

The Jewelry We Wear Essay -- Culture Fashion Papers

The Jewelry We Wear Our tastes in jewelry are often fostered by our heritage, cultural background and ethnicity. Many of the unique pieces we see people wearing today steam from old cultural and ethnic roots. African and Asian influences are two prominent styles that often float in and out of popular culture and fashion as trends and style change. Usually found in silver jewelry, Celtic design is beautiful for its simple elegance. Basic lines come together to form elaborate designs. Celtic designs are also found in a lot of modern jewelry. While much of the Celtic jewelry today is often found in catalogues and stores catering to fortune tellers, witches and fans of the fantasy and medieval lifestyles, many people of Irish decent are drawn to Celtic jewelry as a sign of their heritage and background. Personal expression, mood and fashion are not the only factors involved when choosing what jewelry we wear. Our geographic location also impacts our preferences. Spending most my life in South Florida I noticed a huge difference in peoples' lifestyles when I moved to Tallahassee. People dressed differently, wore their hair differently and even talked differently. Their jewelry was also different. South Florida style I very flamboyant and excessive. Many women wear extravagant diamond, platinum, gold and pearl jewelry. Tiffany & Co. is a very popular jewelry store among South Floridians and many people spend thousands of dollars buying jewelry from there. Because Miami is one of the great fashion meccas of the world South Florida sets many fashion trends and tends to be one step ahead of fashion elsewhere in the state and much of the country. Tallahassee, on the other hand, is much more conservative and relaxed in its approac... ...beautiful, spectacular, unusual or exquisitely made, and signed by a famous maker, it will have significant added value. While everyone's style and tastes might be different, as well as the outcome of the decision of which piece of jewelry to buy or wear, the same elements go into making that decision. Though our backgrounds, our family heritage, our life history, we chose the best way to represent ourselves through our appearance. Like our clothing, hair styles and other personal preferences, the jewelry we wear is an individual expression of our personality and character. Whether we choose to wear commercial designs or original pieces, our taste in jewelry tells others a little bit about ourselves. From the most beautiful diamonds at Tiffany & Co. to the macaroni necklaces we made in elementary school, our existence is often accessorized by the jewelry we wear.

Smart Ways Airline

Welcome to â€Å"Smart Ways Airline†. This is a new airline company that just opened and is very excited about taking people to their flight destinations around the world with the best and smartest service available. This paper will attempt to explain information about development, products, and services for â€Å"Smart Ways Airline†. So, please make sure all seatbelts are fastened and enjoy the flight. â€Å"Smart Ways Airline† provides â€Å"Plane Smart† service to each and every customer who boards the plane. As the matter of fact, â€Å"Plane Smart† is the slogan for the airline company. This slogan was chosen because â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† takes a lot of time to make intelligent decisions about the philosophy, mission, and vision about the company. â€Å"Fly Smart† is another slogan that the company will use to promote its high quality airline service to all of its customers. When a customer chooses to fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† they will be making a very smart decision. Funding for â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will be collected through concession fees, facility leases at the airport, and landing fees. â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will also receive funding from tax dollars on aviation fuel. The fuel tax will be added into the cost of the airline passenger ticket. All project and development planning will be funded by the government through a program known as the AIP (Airport Improvement program) and FAA grants. The FAA grants will be used to make improvements and increase airline security and protection. Airline tickets for â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will average about 10% lower than the national ticket average. â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will meet or beat any competitor's rates and prices. Above all, if a customer is not satisfied with his/her flight for any reason, â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will refund part or all of his/her money (Depending on the reason for dissatisfaction). â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† wants its customers to be happy while flying and wants them to be returning customers who recommend others. An airline's fleet is one of its most important assets and as such its composition and deployment directly influence the airline's profitability. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† offers a comprehensive fleet planning and aircraft evaluation service that has guided the strategic decision-making of a variety of operators worldwide. Computer software has been developed in-house to facilitate the analysis of multiple equipment and route combinations using a particular airline's ground rules. This is indispensable for determining the optimum aircraft mix for a carrier's current and future network. A comprehensive database is maintained on the technical, operational and economic characteristics of all commercial aircraft and business jets currently in service or under development. The company is therefore well equipped to undertake comparative economic studies of new or used aircraft types to any degree of detail required. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† fleet planning services are supported by rigorous understanding of commercial aircraft technology aided by excellent working relationships with airframe and engine manufacturers. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will fly Boeing 747-8 International planes. These planes will seat 450 passengers divided into three class sections, in two aisles. These planes were chosen because they will provide a quieter flight, produce lower emissions, and achieve an excellent fuel economy. The Boeing 747-8 will have a lower seat-mile cost than other Boeing 747s and has 25% more cargo space, which provide for better luggage and cargo accommodation. The Boeing 747-8 is actually 13% lighter per seat than the A380 and will consume around 15% less fuel per passenger than a 500 seat plane. The wingspan on the Boeing 747-8 International plane is approximately 224 feet (68.5 meters). It is approximately 243 feet (74.2 meters) long and 63 feet (19.4 meters) high. Its thrust is 66,500 pounds and cruise speed is mach .085. The maximum takeoff weight of the Boeing 747-8 International is 960,000 pounds â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will also have Boeing 747-8 Freighter planes. These planes will have the same economic benefit as the Boeing 747-8 International planes. This plane will have more cargo space allowing four additional main deck pallets and three additional lower deck pallets. This Freighter plane actually weights about 95 tons less than the average cargo plane, thus providing for better fuel mileage. The dimensions of the Boeing 747-8 Freighter Plane are the same as the Boeing 747-8 International plane, except it is 250 feet (76.3 meters) in length. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines will begin by leasing these aircrafts. However, â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† plans to purchase 2-4 planes per year. Plans for additional types of aircraft may be created in the future as the company and customer base grows. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will be known for its unique service. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will always stand behind their customers to assure that they receive the best service and the most comfortable, affordable flight available. All planes will offer several amenities such as current movies in all three classes, personalized radios at each seat with a wide variety of music choices offered by Yahoo, pull down laptop computers and cell phone access attached to the backs of each seat, a menu and full bar service in all three classes, magazine and other reading materials, and handheld video games available for flight rental. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will go the extra mile to make sure that each customer has the most unique, comfortable, accommodating, and affordable flight available or the customer's money will be refunded in part or in full. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will meet or beat any competitor's rates and prices. Customers are always first at â⠂¬Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Flights will be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year to over 100 destinations internationally and domestically. Flights are available to any type of customer from the business person, to the vacationing family and the oversized person. There is a seat for everyone, regardless of the reason for travel or any body shape. The seats are comfortable, reclining seats that have small pillows and blankets located underneath each seat. Seats are also accommodating for infant and child car seats. For all customers who buy tickets at least 24 hours in advance, the option of receiving flight information via email, text message or phone call is also available. There is no need to call and wait to hear if the plane is delayed. If something is delayed or cancelled, a â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† representative will call the passenger and let them know of the situation. At the end of the flight, all passengers are asked to complete customer satisfaction survey. This survey help â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† to provide the things that the customers are looking for. They take the time to listen to each and every customer, rather negative or positive. Customer satisfaction is top priority to â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will have its main offices located within Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in Cleveland, Ohio. Within Cleveland Hopkins Airport, â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will have three main gates. One gate will be for international flights, another gate will be for domestic flights and the third gate will be for freight planes only. At each gate, customers will have a comfortable waiting area with televisions, telephones, restrooms, internet access portals, and a restaurant or small store where snacks and other things can be purchased. A â€Å"Smart Ways Airline† representative will walk around and talk to the customers in a friendly manner. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† wants the customers to feel at home when they are traveling, so the â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† experience begins at the gate. Scheduling of flights will begin at least a year in advanced. The sooner the customer books the flight, the better discount they will be qualified to receive. Flights will leave Cleveland Hopkins Airport on a daily basis and flights will be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days per year. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will always have a representative at the gate to help prepare the customer for the flight, to answer questions, and provide quality customer service. Flights information and ticket purchase options are also available online. The company will be organized into five major operational areas: All six operational areas will work together as a team to provide quality customer service. The Management team will be lead by the CEO and president of the company. Then, there will be managers and supervisors for each of the remaining five areas. The flight operations crew will consist of the pilots and stewards. This will be any crew member who flies on the plane with the customers. The Maintenance crew will consist of a team of workers who will clean, repair and maintain the planes in flying and operable conditions. The Financial team will handle the operational cost of the company. They will also be responsible for accounts receivable and accounts payable, finances, payroll, and other spending accounts. The Marketing department will be in charge of advertising, promoting and selling the services to potential customers. Finally, the customer service team will be the representative who are based at each gate and assist the customers before and after their flight. The customer service team will be responsible for all areas of customer services relating to the flights. FAR regulations will be adhered to on all flights. Any FAR regulation that deals with the safe operation, passenger and flight security, passenger and crew conduct, procedure, and policy will apply to all flights with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Marketing at â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will be the key to their success. The marketing department will continuously strive to make sure that customers know of the value, the options, and the type of customer service they can receive if they choose to fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Television, magazine, newspaper, and mailing advertisements will be offered. A website will also be available and flight information will be available through airline advertising websites such as Travelocity.com and orbit.com. When a customer purchases a ticket, they will be automatically enrolled in the frequent flyer program. This program will be a promotion to encourage returning travelers. The points that are accumulated on the frequent flyer program can be applied to future discounted prices, hotel and restaurant discounts, and theme park or movie discounts. For the traveler who is not a frequent traveler, the points can be used onboard the flight to purchase amenities such as food, beverage, book or game rentals, internet service or cell phone usage charges. Another marketing strategy that will be utilized by â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† is the Neighborhood and Four Walls Approach to Marketing. This technique requires little or no company money to fund. At â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† the customer service is so good, that they word of mouth actually sales the product by itself. When one customer is satisfied with their flight, they will tell their friends and family members about the flight, who will in turn, come and fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. The quality customer service and uniqueness of the flights will sell itself through the excellent word of mouth that will be spread around by so many satisfied customers. As with beginning any company, there will be some barriers. Four main barriers that â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† may encounter are 1.) Lack of qualified employees, 2.) Weather conditions in Cleveland, 3.) Not enough planes to accommodate large crowds of people and 4.) Lack of funding. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will only hire the most qualified employees. Each potential employee will go through a strict interview and screening process. During this process, the applicant will be required to take a series of test. Applicants with a strong working history with another airline will be given priority. Once hired, the applicant will then have to pass a series of classes as part of their training. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will know and understand how valuable each and every employee is to the success of the company and will only hire the best, and most qualified people to do the job. Weather conditions in Cleveland vary. It is possible to see many different changes in temperatures and conditions within one day. During the winter months, flights may be delayed or cancelled due to conditions. In this case, â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will handle the weather conditions accordingly and strive to provide quality services. With the best customer service and the most affordable guaranteed airfare available, many people will want to fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Each plane only holds 450 people, so tickets will sale fast. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will strive to accommodate all passengers. Additional flights and planes will be added as needed. Finally, lack of funding can be an issue for any airline. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† has smart ways to hand funding barriers. One way is by lowering ticket prices and encouraging more people to fly. More people flying at lower rates can actually increase sales than less people flying at higher rates. â€Å"The plane is now landing. Smart Ways Airlines hopes that everyone has enjoyed the flight that they have learned a little about how Smart Ways Airlines offers the best, most comfortable, most affordable, and the most unique flying experience available today. Thank you for flying the smart way with Smart Ways Airlines.†

Result of Eva’s Story Essay

ohn Boynton Priestley was born in 1894 and died in 1984. He was famous for contemplating science and philosophy, and wrote many plays to put forward his socialist views. An Inspector Calls was one of these, and is about a wealthy upper-middle class family, the Birlings, and how their views on living change as a result of a visit from an inspector. The main characters are the Birlings, Inspector Goole and Eva Smith. Arthur Birling is a successful businessman; his wife, Sybil, is very pretentious; and their rather peculiar son, Eric, is an alcoholic. Eric’s sister, Sheila, has recently engaged to Gerald Croft, a gentleman of a slightly higher social class than the Birlings – Mr. Birling feels a little inferior because of this. We do not know a lot about the Inspector – he is given an air of mystery and importance – but it is possible that he could be an apparition of some kind or perhaps a figure to represent Priestley’s own views. Eva Smith is an absent character who nevertheless plays a huge part in the storyline. The play takes place solely in the dining room of the Birlings’ house, which is â€Å"heavily comfortable but not homelike†. This unified setting is beneficial in many ways. One thing is that it lowers the costs and requirements of the production of the play, meaning that it can be performed in a wider variety of settings and therefore be shown to more people. In addition, the audience will focus on the actors and the plot rather than the set so much if it does not keep changing, which helps retain attention to the play. The play begins as Gerald Croft and the Birlings are celebrating as a family Sheila Birling and Gerald’s engagement, when the evening is interrupted by the arrival of Inspector Goole. The Inspector tells them the story of the tragic suicide of a young girl, whose name is Eva Smith, but she calls herself Daisy Renton after Mr. Birling sacks her, as an attempt to make a fresh start. He forces them to see how each of the people present contributed to her taking her own life by swallowing disinfectant. Gradually, he picks away at the protective, self-satisfied shell that the Birlings have built up around themselves, and eventually manages to pull apart the whole sense of the family. He then exits, leaving them to blame each other and argue amongst themselves. The play was written in 1945 but is set in 1912. I think this is to emphasise the point that rich people are not always right, as Mr. Birling in particular makes several predictions that we, as the audience, know to be incorrect. For example, he says, â€Å"You’ll hear some people say that war’s inevitable. And to that I say – fiddlesticks!† and â€Å"There isn’t a chance of war.† However, we know that two years later, WWI began. He speculates about Sheila and Gerald’s future – â€Å"In twenty or thirty years’ time – let’s say, in 1940 – you may be giving a little party like this – your son or daughter might be getting engaged – and I tell you, by that time you’ll be living in a world that’ll have forgotten all these silly war scares.† This is ironic because in fact in 1940 WWII took place. He also makes predictions about labour struggles when he says, â€Å"†¦there’s a lot of wild talk about possible labour trouble in the near future. Don’t worry. We’ve passed the worst of it,† and the Titanic, as he says, â€Å"Unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable†, both of which we know are wrong. Mr. Birling is confident about all of these predictions, but we know how wrong he is. This is an example of dramatic irony, and I think J.B. Priestley used it to great effect in portraying Mr. Birling as someone who is entirely ignorant about what the future holds, though the other characters are unaware of this. In Act One, the family is celebrating the engagement of Sheila and Gerald. Sheila is presented as excitable and eager to please her family and Gerald: after she has received her ring she says, â€Å"(excited) Oh – it’s wonderful! Look – Mummy – isn’t it a beauty? Oh – darling – (She kisses Gerald hastily.)† She is also rather materialistic, as the stage directions, â€Å"(still admiring her ring)† imply, though she still shows empathy and compassion towards Eva – â€Å"SHEILA: (Rather distressed) Sorry! It’s just that I can’t help thinking about that girl – destroying herself so horribly†.  She plays up to Gerald, saying, â€Å"Oh – is it the one you wanted me to have?† and I think this suggests that she wants to keep on everyone’s good side, and avoid any conflict. She behaves in the same way to her parents, meekly saying, â€Å"I’m sorry, Daddy. Actually I was listening.†

Reached Back Like A Pimp

Reached Back Like A Pimp Free Online Research Papers When four teenagers drive to the movies on a Friday night with the music blaring and â€Å"Boyz N the Hood† comes onto the radio, it does not matter whether the young adults in the car are black, white, male or female, when it arrives at the line â€Å"reached back like a pimp slapped the ho† everyone joins in. Why? Because it is catchy, popular, and as ridiculous as the world has become, the song is cool. No one notices that the singer has become abusive because his girlfriend has said something to annoy him. No one realizes at the time that the singer is intoxicated, because it does not matter. The song is fun, the lyrics well known. Countless young Americans memorize the lyrics to this song and many others because of the constant exposure through popular media, wit the average listening to two hours a day (Martino 430). For some, it is simply music, aural enjoyment while involved in other activities. Others wish to emulate the actions they hear about. Dr. Steven Martino, one of Yale’s most acclaimed professors of psychiatry, contends that speeding up sexual behavior is a result of exposure to exploitive and suggestive lyrics. He also explains that leaving questionable musical content unchallenged allows the idea of sex to become distorted (RAND). Regardless, when music becomes incredibly popular, the concepts within the music also become popular. Current popular music idealizes the exploitation of women by demoralizing them, provides justification and acceptance of dysfunctional relationships, and motivates young listeners to partake in dangerous relations and/or situations. As a disclaimer, not just current music conveys the message of misogyny. The Rolling Stones have been preaching the message since their earliest songs. In a 1965 song â€Å"She Said Yeah† Mick Jagger sang â€Å"Come on baby I want to make love to you† and â€Å"Try a little bit to make my mouth dribble†. Both of these quotes made the message clear of what the song and its singer wanted from women. This issue is not a new one. Society long ago set this standard; Radocy and Boyle, two well-known music psychologists, acknowledge: †¦social influence affects all music preference. Musical preferences are more than an interaction of inherent musical characteristics and individual psychological and social variables. Societal pressures influence preferences. A person making a musical choice considers opinions of other who are significant in his or her life, as well as cultural messages in and about the music (qtd. in Droe 27). Society sets the standard for these types of popular culture. Dr. Janice Killian, a distinguished music professor and researcher from Texas Tech, also examines this tangent when she explains the relation between imitation and perception: The specific characteristics of a model appear to affect an observer’s tendency to imitate that model. Observers who believe they are similar to the model are more likely to model that behavior (Bandura Walters, 1963); indeed, observer perception of any subject/model similarity can lead the subject to adopt other characteristics of that model (Burnstein, Stotland, Zander, 1961; Stotland, Zander, Natsoulas, 1961). Race and sex are two salient model characteristics that affect observer tendency toward imitation. Imitation of same-sex and same-race models has been noted across such diverse behaviors as infants’ responses to strangers (Feiring, Lewis Starr, 1984) (116). This would explain why certain races and/or genders are disproportionately affected by this degrading popular culture. Nonetheless, it is still relevant and is bringing about several negative impacts that are being largely ignored by all races. In much of the popular music, women and their appeal are a common theme. Despite their presence, the ideal that the music expresses portrays them in a less than favorable light. Buckcherry’s â€Å"Crazy Bitch† uses offensive lyrics; women are described as only able to ahead by taking off their clothes and keeping their mouths shut. Such behavior was typical before the feminist movement but in modern times can be considered highly offensive. However, the song was ranked number three on U.S. Mainstream Rock Tracks. Songs of this subject matter demoralize women and uphold the patriarch by placing them as lower than men. It is exploitive for women to be viewed as sex objects, created solely for the purpose of male pleasure. As offensive as the lyrics may be, the video certainly drives the message home. Located in a Los Angeles club that has been made to look like a strip club, women are scantily clad, dancing, and expressing bisexual tendencies. The popularity of such music and the common person’s favorable reaction to seeing these types of videos encourages women to act this way and men to ask them to do so. Musicians do not just express their lower opinions of women in music and videos. For some, it is a way of life. When popular rap artist Snoop Dogg attended the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs), clothing and jewelry were not his only accessories. In each hand he held a leash, and attached to the collars were two young women. Collars and leashes are meant as restraining devices for pets or a way for an owner to control property, one can only assume that Snoop Dogg intended for these two young women accompanying him to be viewed the same way. The VMAs are broadcasted nationally with an enormous audience. Women are exploited by popular music through way of lyrics, videos and the general lifestyle of musicians. As preciously discussed, in the song â€Å"Boyz N the Hood† lyrics include a man hitting his girlfriend and then throwing her across the room. The provocation of this was something she had said, making it easy to believe that this was not the first occurrence of abuse. Other popular artists have also discussed physical abuse between women and men. Eminem, a popular rap artist, discussed leaving handprints on a woman in one of his songs. Abuse in relationships is not healthy for anyone involved. However, would a person realize that from popular music? No. Very simply speaking, when a musician speaks of beating their significant other and one never hears about there being negative consequences, its sending a message of approval for that sort of action. Steven Martino offers his valuable experience about teen imitation: This theory would predict that listening to musicians sing about having sex with no unfavorable consequences would lead teens to perceive this behavior as appropriate and desirable, thereby increasing the likelihood that they will imitate the behavior. The likelihood of imitation increases when the model is perceived as attractive or similar to the self. Highly popular music artists can, therefore, serve as especially potent role models for teens (431). Not only does it make it appear to be okay for males to abuse females, but it also makes females feel like its okay for them to be abused. Popular music is now guilty of â€Å"triggering assaults, rapes and homicides all over the place and detonating a national barrage of criticism and controversy† (Bennett 1). If it is what is popular and okay in music, listeners will be lead to believe that it is okay in their own lives. The RAND Corporation found explicit lyrics often advance sexual conduct. It is common for those who are less wealthy and less famous to want to be like the famous celebrities. If people cannot have the property and publicity of the stars then it is not unusual to think that they might attempt to act like them. Bennett explains how the blurring of reality and fantasy is an inevitable product of this exposure (2). The dysfunctional relationships of celebrities are recreated in the dysfunctional relationships of their fans. Dysfunctional relationships are unknowingly encouraged by society today, and even humored. Millions of Americans are exposed to the ideas of countless affairs, and annulled marriages in a matter of hours. This same audience gazes on while the common person is abused; abuse can be physical, verbal, or mental. A Harris Poll from earlier this summer gives staggering numbers that have left many stunned. Over 33 million or 15 percent of U.S. adults (which would be anyone over the age of eighteen) admit that they were a victim of domestic violence; even more shocking is the six in ten that admit they know someone who has also personally experienced domestic violence. These statistics prove the seriousness of today’s issue of domestic violence, and only a realization of these problems will allow society finally to make a change for the better. It is important to remember that the definition of dysfunctional relationships is not limited to physical abuse. Celebrities are infamous for their short relationships, their even shorter marriages, and their promiscuity. Pop princess, Britney Spears is infamous for hers fleeting loves: her first marriage to childhood sweetheart lasted just 55 hours. K-Fed and Spears have two young children who will now be subjected to the uncomfortable heat of the spotlight. These actions also have an effect on the mass public. Once more, when someone wishes to be the celebrity, he or she has no problem simulating his or her actions. The influence of music does not just degrade women or legitimize dysfunctional relationships. The ideas and morals conveyed through popular music leads to physically dangerous consequences as well. Sex and violence are the subject of the majority of popular songs. Casual sex is looked upon with much enjoyment and violence seen as a necessary means to an end. When these activities are practiced in real life, the consequences last much longer than the three minutes a song lasts. Martino’s theory also predicts that a lessening of the exposure to this content could prevent an early onset of sexual misconduct (431). In a Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention study, over five hundred females from the same background were studied over a six-month period. Recording the viewing lengths of rap videos, the participants were surveyed to discover if there was a difference between those with more exposure, and those with less (#). The RAND Corporation has found a direct correlation between music containing questionable content with earlier sexual progression. Females with more exposure were less likely to have their partners wear condoms and were more likely to have gained a new STD. â€Å"Talking with their children about musics sexual content can also give parents a chance to express their own views about sex, and may prompt teens to think more deeply about the ways in which sex is portrayed – and perhaps distorted – in the music they listen to,† Dr. Martino conveyed. Other negative impacts include dangerous behaviors such as the glorification of drugs, an increase in violence and arrests, and a higher rate of pregnancy (Wingood 437). The negative effects are not just dealing with psychological matters. Young adults have pliable minds, and as Martino describes they invent solutions to their problems from societal pressure: Some have argued that, because popular music is such a large part of adolescents’ everyday experience, youth cannot be understood without a serious consideration of how music fits into their lives. From music, adolescents gain information about society, social and gender roles, and expected behavior, and they use music to facilitate friendships and social interactions and to help them create a personal identity. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that the messages conveyed in popular music have significant implications or adolescent socialization and behavior. (431) The ties between music and health risks cannot be easily ignored because of the great effect they have on their listeners. Martino agrees with the assumption that repeated exposure to such gender roles makes them internalized. When four young people are driving to the movies on Friday night, there is no way to prevent them from singing along with the lyrics of the songs on the radio. Perhaps, a better route is to let musicians know that the message they are sending is not appropriate for anyone, of any age. The lyrics they sing should represent a culture that harms no one. Dr. Bell says we should stop creating the negativity that surrounds our children and ourselves. We have to stop glorifying and praising based on music that enslaves and mystifies and destroys. The consequences of common lyrics cannot be compared to that extra thousand records sold. One’s choice in music should not lead to them being exploited, abused, or diseased. Music is meant for enjoyment, and just enjoyment. Bennett, Lerone Jr.. Sex Music Has It Gone Too Far: Backlash over Lyrics, Violence and Threat to Young Women grows.† Ebony Oct 2002: Droe, Kevin. Music Preference and Music Education: A Review of Literature.† UPDATE: Applications of Research in Music Education 24.2(2006): 23-32. Harris Interactive. â€Å"Over Thirty Million Adults Claim to be Victims of Domestic Violence.† 06/16/06. . Killian, Janice N.. Effect of Model Characteristics on Musical Preference of Junior High Students.† Journal of Research in Music Education 38.2 (1990): 115-123. Martino, Steven C., et al. Exposure to Degrading Versus Nondegrading Music Lyrics and Sexual Behavior Among Youth.† Pediatrics. 118.2 (2006): e430-e441. Martino, Steven C., Personal Interview. 20 Nov. 2006. Radocy, Rudolf E., and J. David Boyle. Psychological foundations of musical behavior. 3rd ed. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd, 1979. RAND Corporation. â€Å"RAND Study Finds Adolescents who listen to a great deal of music with degrading sexual lyrics have sex sooner.† 11/07/06. . Wingood, G.M., et al. â€Å"A prospective study of exposure to rap music videos and African American female adolescents’ health.† American Journal of Public Health 93.3 (2006): 437-439 Research Papers on Reached Back Like A PimpHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBringing Democracy to Africa

Why Copper Bowls Are Better for Whipping Egg Whites

Why Copper Bowls Are Better for Whipping Egg Whites The bowl you use makes a difference when you are whipping egg whites. Copper bowls produce a yellowish, creamy foam that is harder to overbeat that the foam produced using glass or stainless steel bowls. When you whisk egg whites in a copper bowl, some copper ions migrate from the bowl into the egg whites. The copper ions form a yellow complex with one of the proteins in eggs, conalbumin. The conalbumin-copper complex is more stable than the conalbumin alone, so egg whites whipped in a copper bowl are less likely to denature (unfold). How Does Whisking Change the Eggs? When air is whisked into egg whites, the mechanical action denatures the proteins in the whites. The denatured proteins coagulate, stiffening the foam and stabilizing the air bubbles. If the foam is overbeaten in a non-copper bowl, eventually the proteins become completely denatured and coagulate into clumps. There is no going back from the clumpy mess to nice foamy whites, so overbeaten whites are usually discarded. If a copper bowl is used, then fewer protein molecules are free to denature and coagulate, because some are tied up in conalbumin-copper complexes. In addition to forming complexes with conalbumin, the copper may also react with sulfur-containing groups on other proteins, further stabilizing the egg proteins. Although the iron and zinc found in other metal bowls also form complexes with conalbumin, these complexes dont make the foam more stable. When glass or steel bowls are used, cream of tartar may be added to egg whites to stabilize the whites.

5 Ways Bloggers Can Use ReQueue To Save Time On Social Strategy

5 Ways Bloggers Can Use ReQueue To Save Time On Social Strategy Ever spent time sitting at your desk, racking your brain about what to post on Facebook or Instagram for the day? The week? The month? Only to end up sharing something sloppy, rushed, or random to keep your accounts active. It’s true. Finding the motivation to create new posts can be a full-time job. But it’s important to keep your social channels engaging. Because your social strategy keeps your brand top of mind for customers†¦ drives traffic to your blog†¦ promotes your products and services†¦ connects you to your customers and readers†¦ AND helps you drive business ($$$). As a solopreneur or full-time blogger, there isn’t always time to consistently post to your Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram, Twitter, and/or LinkedIn accounts. Cos’ quite frankly you’ve got a lot on your plate (i.e. building your business, caring for your family, showering, personal care, sleep, etc). So, lets eliminate one of them, shall we? Stop stressing out over your social schedule and let ReQueue pick up the slack. With ReQueue’s smarter social automation, you can build a consistent social schedule without dedicating hours of your life to it! Here’s how:👇

Assess the role of the United States in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Has Essay

Assess the role of the United States in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Has it been a blessing A curse A mixed-bag What, if anything, should change - Essay Example This was supposed to build on the positive steps towards peace of the earlier 1978 Camp David Accords where President Jimmy Carter was able to broker a peace agreement between Egypt and Israel. The Oslo Accords of 1993 between the later assassinated Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestine Liberation Organization Chairman Yasser Arafat had provided that agreement should be reached on all outstanding issues between the Palestinians and Israeli sides within five years of the implementation of Palestinian autonomy. However, the interim process put in place under Oslo had fulfilled neither Israeli nor Palestinian expectations, and Arafat argued that the summit was premature. But the Americans decided to strongly involve themselves in this process. On July 11, the Camp David 2000 Summit convened, but it ended without an agreement. Everyone said they would continue negotiating, but the impetus was lost. The second intifada changed things, and made the Americans less wary of engaging. President Busy was a lot less interested in the Arab-Israeli conflict that President Clinton. This is more evidence of the sometimes fickle nature of the American government actions in the region. What this conflict needs is sustained attention; it has not received this. Clinton, who promised Arafat that no one would be blamed if the talks failed, did, in fact, blame Arafat after the failure of the talks, stating, "I regret that in 2000 Arafat missed the opportunity to bring that nation into being and pray for the day when the dreams of the Palestinian people for a state and a better life will be realized in a just and lasting peace." The failure to come to an agreement was widely attributed to Yasser Arafat, as he walked away from the table without making a concrete counter-offer and because Arafat did little to quell the series of

Farming societies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Farming societies - Essay Example In simple farming societies economic activities are not separated from religious, political and social aspects (Walrath and Prins 51). The economic system of a farming society largely depends on production, distribution and consumption of goods. However, there many types of economic systems which include: traditional and modern, industrial and non-industrial, and small scale and large scale economies. In the small scale societies that are non-industrial, land and other valuable resources are usually controlled by groups of related people and individual ownership of land is rare to find. The division of labour is done according to gender and age of the members of the society. Simple farming societies also practice specialization of arts and crafts, although, production is carried out only for the quantity required at that moment. Most of the goods produced are consumed by those in the group that produces them. This is different from the economic organization of large scale industrial and post industrial societies (Walrath and Prins 59). ... The exchange of goods and services is also done as a ritual or for prestige purposes (Walrath and Prins 86). This is where distribution of goods is done by the governments or the religious elite who collect and allocate resources. Locations of exchange of goods and services are designated in certain areas. Here, people meet friends and strangers, find entertainment and trade goods. However, in industrial societies, exchange is indirect, impersonal and mediated through money or capital assets in form of shares and stocks. Moreover, in the digital age, trade can be conducted on the internet with personal contact. The major characteristic among farming societies is Cooperative work groups regardless the society’s industrial capability. For instance, in cases the work group involves the whole community a festive mood permeates the work. In most societies, cooperation basically starts at the household level. Through cooperation, farming societies are able to allocate duties of prod uction and distribution, as well as, allocation of goods and resources. There is great diversity in the types of specialized tasks that are performed. However, although specialization has increased in the farming societies, modern technologies have influenced them such that division of labor on the basis of gender has become less relevant. In modern farming societies, each member is knowledgeable on all aspects of work although specialization is still maintained (Walrath and Prins 43). According to Walrath and Prins, Simple farming societies are firmly rooted in the cultures of people in their communities (101). This culture is passed on from the older generation to the younger generation. By doing this, the younger members of the farming society,

Regulation and Management in the Global Economy Case Study

Regulation and Management in the Global Economy - Case Study Example 10 defines company provisions for leadership structure of the board of directors whereas sub-section A.2 has clearly explained division of responsibilities between head of the board and the executive officer. The code states that the office of chairman and chief executive officer should not be held by the same individual and this detachment of roles must be set out in writing. In contrast to the principles of UK corporate governance code, 2010; Imola plc is practically in violation of these principles. The role of the chairman has only been restrained at leading the board for effectiveness in setting agenda for board meetings and in constructing relations between executive and non-executive directors. Despite the fact that code constrains chief executive officer to be the chairman of the board but in exceptional cases major shareholders must be consulted in this endeavor which in case of Imola plc can only be justified as an exception only if the major shareholders have also been con sulted in advance to the appointment. Provided the company performance and restructuring, the decision for appointing same person as chairman and chief executive officers seems clear violation of duality clause of the corporate governance code. Section 2 of the corporate governance code, 2010 stipulates some principle regarding the effectiveness of the board, of which composition of the board has been defined in sub-section B.1 of the code, 2010. Sub-section B.1 states that the board of directors must be composed of individuals from diverse areas of expertise so that balance of skills and experience could be maintained efficiently and should be based upon sufficient member size for better management, monitoring and evaluation. Imola plc has successfully implemented this principle by maintaining sufficient size board and directors from diversified backgrounds (Clarke & Branson, 2012). What Imola plc has failed to implement is the balance between executive and non-executive board

Project Management and How it Relates to Purchasing and Supply Research Paper

Project Management and How it Relates to Purchasing and Supply Management - Research Paper Example In this scenario, project management processes are required to perform these operations successfully. The basic purpose of this research is to analyze project management in the context of its use in procurement and supply management. Procurement and Project Management Procurement is the most important element of a business industry. It encompasses a wide variety of aspects of project management such as acquiring material, goods, equipment, and services from external firms. However, procurement does not include other internal departments inside an organization. In view of the fact that procurement is a domain for which a project manager will be responsible for providing information and input, in various and possibly a number of firms, hence it is believed to be an area that the project manager does not own. Though, the project managers generally are not authorized to take part into contracts in support of the business organization, as well as they are not responsible for controlling t he contracts once they are prepared or in process. However, it is still a most important area which an organization must need to have knowledge of. In this scenario, the project Management Institute (PMI)’s Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOKÂ ®) outlines six key processes that deal with certain Project Procurement Management knowledge areas (Mochal, 2007). Plan purchases and acquisitions: This process of project management is concerned with identifying and determining the resources that need to be acquired for a project and when a project needs them. This area of procurement comes directly under the control and authority of the project manager, for the reason that the top management and organization’s purchasing committee do not... This paper has presented a detailed analysis of the project management function in the context of its role in procurement and supply chain management. Project management is a set of well-organized and synchronized processes, and each process is connected with another however the basic purpose remains to achieve a common goal. The research has shown that both the project management and supply chain management are similar disciplines. The research has also shown that if both supply chain management and project management are combined effectively then it can improve the performance and efficiency of a firm. This paper has also discussed various aspects associated with procurement and purchasing. This paper has also presented recommendations on how to use project management to improve procurement and supply chain processes. In short, the survival of successful project management depends seriously on the proper execution of the supply chain process, for the reason that well-timed, accurat e, and well-organized delivery of materials, equipment, supplies and resources are critical to success of project management. In order to make the procurement process a success, there is a need for reliable aftercare and organizational record, which should be carried out by a variety of professionals from the legal and financial settlement of purchases. In addition, even a project is in progress, the performance of the suppliers should be constantly assessed and, where essential, alternatives should be adopted.

Life of John D. Rockefeller and his legacy Term Paper

Life of John D. Rockefeller and his legacy - Term Paper Example One may criticize John D. Rockefeller for many things, like being one of the first to have started a monopoly or oligopoly businesses, yet when his services or assistance to communities and nations are taken into accounted, one can also say that his legacy of sustained philanthropy is probably unmatched for longevity and volume of assistance of assistance rendered. Yet not only is his own life is criticized for his role in history but the role of his descendants. John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil John D. Rockefeller Sr. , former school dropout and who became perhaps the richest person during his time, is the Rockefeller patriarch or the seed that produced other Rockefellers of great significance and who have equally created their own legacy by sustaining the legacy of John D. Rockefeller Sr. (PBS, 2000). The other Rockefellers who have contributed their important legacies or who have sustained the John D. Rockefeller Sr. Legacy are John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (1874-1960), son of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., and the Rockefeller brothers John III (1906-78), Nelson (1908-1979), Laurance (1910-2004), Winthrop (1912-1973), and David Rockefeller (1915-?), sons of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.The patriarch was â€Å"twenty-three years old and already a success in his profitable commission business when he decided to risk $4,000 in a speculative oil refinery operation in Cleveland† (Armentano, 1981, p. 58). This was probably in 1862. When John D. Rockefeller began his business, both the Petroleum industry and the Standard Oil Company were â€Å"inchoate† (Montague, 1904, p. 4). ... 4). However, according to Armentano (1981, p. 58), â€Å"the firm quickly prospered under the technical direction of Samuel Andrews, and a second refinery was constructed in 1866.† In a short while, â€Å"Maurice Clark, one of the original partners in the firm, was bought out (for $72,500), and Rockefeller brought in his brother William for entrepreneurial know-how and his shrewd and wealthy friend, Henry Flagler, for additional capital† (Armentano, 1981, p. 58). It was only in 1868, however, that John D. Rockefeller deployed his â€Å"complete and undivided attention† to the petroleum business (Armentano, 1981, p. 58). Armentano (1981, p 58) asserted that â€Å"the firm of Rockefeller, Andrews, and Flagler prospered quickly in the intensely competitive industry by the economic excellence of its entire operations.† The firm implemented a business that is relatively unique in the industry during the period. Armentano (1981, p. 58) revealed that â€Å"inste ad of buying oil from jobbers, they made the jobbers’ profit by sending their own purchasing men into the oil region.† Further, â€Å"they made their own sulfuric acid, their own barrels, their own lumber, their own wagons, and their own glue† (Armentano, 1981, p. 58). Armentano documented that that firm â€Å"kept minute and accurate records of ever item from rivets to barrel bungs† (1981, p. 58). In short, what Armentano has tried to narrate is that the firm organized by John D. Rockefeller Sr. implemented vertical integration as well as good management practices. Breakup of Standard Oil and Development Larson (1969) explained that from 1882 to 1950, the Standard Oil Company founded by John D. Rockefeller had been keen on vertical integration. Luck and shrewdness mattered but the oil firm

Juvenile Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Juvenile Justice - Essay Example Eras of juvenile court Juvenile justice therefore was solely created to rehabilitate minors. Its evolution can be classified into three major Eras, namely: the pre-juvenile era, the juvenile court era and the juvenile rights. The pre-juvenile court Era (1600-1898) Before the establishment of a separate juvenile justice system, minor law breakers were dealt with by the family and communities. The family and the community were charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the children behaved in the most acceptable manner in the society. There were no established juvenile justice systems by then. The juvenile court Era (1899-1966) The first juvenile court was created in United States by juvenile court Act passed by Illinois’ Legislature. These court replaced family and the community at large, who were responsible for minors rehabilitation. The juvenile court therefore began to exercising guardianship rights, so that it could discover and correct conditions that contributed to the minors’ misconduct Juvenile rights Era (1967-1979) Because every establishment must have its critics, pros and cons based on the analysis on ground, the juvenile court system attracted many critics. ... I have a personal conviction that the juvenile rights Era were the most productive, as it ensured fair system of justice and juvenile right protection. In the other hand pre-juvenile court era as far as I am concerned, was damaging, because in many cases parents do sympathize with their children, leading to their forgiveness, hence no rehabilitation could take place if it was left in the hands of the parents so the rule of Stare Decisis should hold. Problems facing juvenile courts today Nevertheless, juvenile courts have been faced with many challenges, both administrative and legal issues. These problems have risen significantly and taken different paths. Many critics have come out to claim that the court system of justice have not properly embraced the zero tolerance policies on crimes. Moreover, researches have shown that juveniles in the court system don't always receive the best defense and ironically those teens that have lawyers often are treated worse than those who donâ€⠄¢t. All juvenile under trail should receive legal representatives and that the lawyers must make their defenses based on the constitution and law. Bearing in mind that the juvenile justice system has been accused of passing unfair judgments and harsh punishment to minors, formidable solution must be established to help correct this. First of all, children need to be educated on the effects of being arraigned in the juvenile court because it can psychologically affect them. Here prevention programs are very important as they will lead to decrease juvenile crimes. Future of juvenile justice If prevention programs are not considered, youths might continue facing psychological problems, with mental problem not in exception. Mental health programs

Life of John D. Rockefeller and his legacy Term Paper

Life of John D. Rockefeller and his legacy - Term Paper Example One may criticize John D. Rockefeller for many things, like being one of the first to have started a monopoly or oligopoly businesses, yet when his services or assistance to communities and nations are taken into accounted, one can also say that his legacy of sustained philanthropy is probably unmatched for longevity and volume of assistance of assistance rendered. Yet not only is his own life is criticized for his role in history but the role of his descendants. John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil John D. Rockefeller Sr. , former school dropout and who became perhaps the richest person during his time, is the Rockefeller patriarch or the seed that produced other Rockefellers of great significance and who have equally created their own legacy by sustaining the legacy of John D. Rockefeller Sr. (PBS, 2000). The other Rockefellers who have contributed their important legacies or who have sustained the John D. Rockefeller Sr. Legacy are John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (1874-1960), son of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., and the Rockefeller brothers John III (1906-78), Nelson (1908-1979), Laurance (1910-2004), Winthrop (1912-1973), and David Rockefeller (1915-?), sons of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.The patriarch was â€Å"twenty-three years old and already a success in his profitable commission business when he decided to risk $4,000 in a speculative oil refinery operation in Cleveland† (Armentano, 1981, p. 58). This was probably in 1862. When John D. Rockefeller began his business, both the Petroleum industry and the Standard Oil Company were â€Å"inchoate† (Montague, 1904, p. 4). ... 4). However, according to Armentano (1981, p. 58), â€Å"the firm quickly prospered under the technical direction of Samuel Andrews, and a second refinery was constructed in 1866.† In a short while, â€Å"Maurice Clark, one of the original partners in the firm, was bought out (for $72,500), and Rockefeller brought in his brother William for entrepreneurial know-how and his shrewd and wealthy friend, Henry Flagler, for additional capital† (Armentano, 1981, p. 58). It was only in 1868, however, that John D. Rockefeller deployed his â€Å"complete and undivided attention† to the petroleum business (Armentano, 1981, p. 58). Armentano (1981, p 58) asserted that â€Å"the firm of Rockefeller, Andrews, and Flagler prospered quickly in the intensely competitive industry by the economic excellence of its entire operations.† The firm implemented a business that is relatively unique in the industry during the period. Armentano (1981, p. 58) revealed that â€Å"inste ad of buying oil from jobbers, they made the jobbers’ profit by sending their own purchasing men into the oil region.† Further, â€Å"they made their own sulfuric acid, their own barrels, their own lumber, their own wagons, and their own glue† (Armentano, 1981, p. 58). Armentano documented that that firm â€Å"kept minute and accurate records of ever item from rivets to barrel bungs† (1981, p. 58). In short, what Armentano has tried to narrate is that the firm organized by John D. Rockefeller Sr. implemented vertical integration as well as good management practices. Breakup of Standard Oil and Development Larson (1969) explained that from 1882 to 1950, the Standard Oil Company founded by John D. Rockefeller had been keen on vertical integration. Luck and shrewdness mattered but the oil firm

Collaspe of the Soviet Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Collaspe of the Soviet Union - Essay Example In understanding how the collapse affected the west it is important to understand what the collapse entailed. Until 1991 there had been two major superpowers battling for supremacy, this occurred in many areas; space travel, economics and the aggregation of various cultures and countries. This was accomplished through direct interference and outside pressure using various propaganda approaches as well as financial and physical methods. The West up to this point had been, at least in the West, the ideal of civilization, with a solid mixture of physical liberty and fiscal freedom and ability. With the vacuum that occurred as a result of the collapse of the U.S.S.R. There was now a direct competition between â€Å"western† influences to gather more abilities and support. The West had as a result gained the upper hand however, as a result of the militarization that occurred during the â€Å"cold war† the United States now has a large military force that is has no given obje ctive and needed to be put to use. As a result of the â€Å"cold war† defense spending in the United States had doubled in the 1980’s and the size and ability of the United States military had expanded to fill the roles needed as a front line and support in this â€Å"cold war.†

Free

Freefall by Joseph Stiglitz Essay Freefall: Free markets and the sinking of the global economy by Joseph Stiglitz (2010) One page Summary Joseph Stiglitz is an American economist and a professor at Columbia University. Dr. Stiglitz is currently the Chair of Columbia University’s Committee on Global Thought. He received his PhD. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1967. Dr. Stiglitz served as the World Bank’s Senior Vice President for Development Economics and Chief Economist from 1997 to 1999. He was the Chairman of President Clinton’s Council of Economic Advisors before his tenure at World Bank. In 2001, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics for his analysis of markets with asymmetric information and pioneered pivotal concepts such as adverse selection and moral hazard. He also founded a leading economics journal namely The Journal of Economic Perspectives. In 2011, Dr. Stiglitz was named as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in Time. Freefall is a book concentrated at the financial crisis of 2007-2009. It is also a book about a battle of ideas, essentially the ideas that led to failed policies that precipitated the crisis. Nobel laureate, Joseph Stiglitz uncovers the fundamental causes of the crisis and the flawed policies taken by the financial institutions as well as the Federal Reserve in a historical, political and comparative context. The financial system may have exacerbated the collapse but the crisis instead as he argued, originated in an overblown housing market, which pushed the creation of America’s addiction to consumption when it should be saving. He argues about the market imperfections and misaligned incentives that distorted the decisions made by everyone from mortgage originators to credit-rating agencies. He mentions about regulators making the mistaken judgment that markets worked well and no regulations were needed. Under this misjudgment, banks were able to transform risky subprime mortgages into AAA-rated products and encouraged the uninformed poor people to take out variable-rate mortgages which resulted people rushing to get what seemed like ‘free lunch’. Stiglitz then mentions the policies made by both the Bush and Obama administrations at that time. He sees the little change from the Republican, far-right days of Obama’s predecessor, George W. Bush. Despite Obama was elected on the promise of ‘hope’ and ‘change’ and was forced into the midst of the economic crisis from the first days in office, Stiglitz claims the restorative actions taken were done in a ‘muddle through’ way and describes how the Obama administration has shown a disturbing ongoing complacency towards bankers and continued to bail out ‘too big to fail’ banks that were prohibited by the Glass-Steagal Act in the earlier era. As a result, the government injected taxpayers’ money into the banks which allowed resumption of the culture of paying out outsized bonuses and taking high-risk transactions. He also criticized Obama refusing to formulate a vision by stating the entire electoral appeal was solely based on feel-good vagueness and argued that the lack of vision would put the ‘reform’ p rocess in halt which leave the country more fragile. He argues the state should have forced the banks to restructure financially at the height of the crisis, wiping out shareholders and instead handing out ownership to bondholders. Furthermore, he argues the need for a second round of stimulation plan beyond 2009’s $789 billion package as unemployment stood at around 10% and university graduates were lost in the harsh economic climate under the drastic cut in entry-level jobs. In the final chapters, Stiglitz emphasizes the need for regulations and argues the developed world must need a reformed financial system which performs core functions namely sound risk management and efficient payments mechanism. Whilst Stiglitz advocates for a forcible break-up of top banks together with statutory protection for the financial products such as derivatives, he argues that citizens, policymakers, government leaders and the private sector needs to rethink on how they value outputs in the economy so that it will narrow the inequalities in the society.